Unplanned development will increase the consumption of natural resources and space, constrain growth, and limit sustainable development. This population growth will increase pressure on both resources and the environment during the period that the city is putting its urban development plans into place. Credit: Shanghai Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan, May 20, 2015.Įxperts predict that Shanghai’s population will grow from 27 to 34 million by 2050. The Shanghai Regional Development Plan involves 6 corridors and 16 satellite cities. As the hub of the Yangtze River Delta region, Shanghai will partner with small- and mid-sized satellite cities to grow the region’s economy. ![]() To foster quality, inclusive economic development, HCD focuses on six functional zones: innovation, business, recreation, gateway, manufacturing, and goods delivery. By efficiently integrating low- and moderate-income families into Shanghai’s urban plan, policymakers hope to develop their skills and livelihoods while improving Shanghai’s international competitiveness.ĭesignating functional zones with specialized sector functions is one approach that Shanghai takes to attract human capital. Immigration from other provinces, including rural areas, is the primary driver of population growth in the city. To create quality, inclusive economic development, urban planners focus on bridging income inequality through well-paying jobs accessible by all segments of society. This shift reflects policymakers’ focus on the quality of economic development rather than the rate of economic growth. Shanghai attracted international attention in 2015 as the city became the first highly developed urban area in China to transition away from official economic growth targets. Map on right: Shanghai’s city-wide metro rail (subway) system. Map on left: Red routes are the regional rail system. HCD policies in TOD not only reduce traffic congestion and commute times but also offer innovative ways to give neighborhood residents access to quality employment opportunities.Īt the foundation of the Shanghai metropolitan’s TOD is the rail system. The plan also advocates green commuting, including special bike paths as well as separate motor and nonmotor lanes. The plan strengthens rail transportation by using deep underground space, improving transfer nodes, and better integrating rail with highways. Shanghai’s urban planners are following a diversified plan to prioritize public transport. These HCD policies will maximize the use of space and land in Shanghai through comprehensive development and strict enforcement of regulations on land size and use. Until 2030, Shanghai is adopting smart growth policies to encourage development in underutilized areas through such strategies as planned densification, mixed-use land policies, and transit-oriented development (TOD). As part of that process, urban planners will use spatial, economic, and environmental approaches to realign typical urban priorities with the principles of HCD. By incorporating HCD, Shanghai’s urban planners intend to optimize the urbanization process for the city’s residents and transform Shanghai from a frenetic metropolis into a cultivated global center. HCD focuses on the interactions between humans and the spaces they occupy. Uniting these issues is Shanghai’s emphasis on human-centered design (HCD). These strategies address various issues including housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy, employment, education, and healthcare. To position itself as a global city of the future, Shanghai developed a multifaceted plan with both short- and long-term strategies designed to meet the needs of its growing urban population. In this article, we examine Shanghai’s innovations in design as it aspires to become a competitive and sustainable world-class city by 2050. The future of urban development in this megacity of 24.15 million people will influence the direction of design and planning for cities worldwide. Shanghai is not just the only noncapital city in this group but also the most populated city in the country with the most urbanites in the world. Tokyo, Delhi, and Shanghai are the most populous urban agglomerations in the world however, each is unique in its approach to urban planning and design. Shanghai’s Road to a Global City: Innovations in Human-Centered Design
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